Who will be the next Apple, Amazon or Facebook?
That is a million (or perhaps trillion) dollar question for prospective investors. Many in the investment community could be forgiven for casting envious glances at the baby-boomer generation, whose pension savings have been lifted by the tech sector’s outsized returns of the past several years.
But there should be plenty more such investment opportunities in future. Software, for example, remains the fastest-growing sector globally, with an expected compound annual growth rate of 15.6 per cent through to 2024.1 And, while Internet use has surged, its expansion will continue, with 41 per cent of the world still without access to the web.2 Then there’s 5G. Together with the Internet of Things, the next generation of wireless technology promises to take connectivity into uncharted territory.
As digital technologies become a bigger part of our lives, a new cohort of disruptive companies will emerge. Some of these firms will become household names. Others will have a lower public profile but still provide strong investment returns. Many will fail.
Indeed, while the opportunities are vast, investors in the tech sector need to tread carefully. To begin with, regulation is a big risk. Governments and anti-trust authorities are clamping down on data privacy and looking at new ways to tax the sector.
Valuations also require great scrutiny. The digital revolution – given added momentum by the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic – has propelled tech stocks to remarkable levels. Relative to their own history, valuations for listed tech stocks are higher than for virtually any other sector. The price-to-earnings ratio for constituents of the MSCI ACWI Tech index has surged to 25, compared to a 10-year average of 15.7
Yet listed tech companies – expensive or not – are no longer the only option for investors. The private sector is an increasingly attractive alternative. Not only are valuations more reasonable, but private firms also account for a bigger proportion of the investible universe.
Private companies are certainly proliferating – seemingly at the expense of their listed counterparts. Since 2000, the number of listed companies in the US has fallen to 4,000 from 7,000. And, those that do list do so at a more mature stage – the median age of a company going public in the US has risen from an average of seven years in the 1980s to 11 years between 2010 and 2018.
This is particularly true in tech. Here, the availability of private capital has enabled companies to delay listing for longer. In the US alone, private equity and venture capital investment into software has more than tripled since 2010 to USD96 billion.3 Staying private for longer suits tech firms because small, rapidly growing companies tend to have significant intangible assets. Typically they do not want to disclose their early stage research publicly and therefore favour a closed group of shareholders. They can also benefit from private investors’ greater flexibility in assessing the value of those intangible assets.
Consequently, by the time of the IPO, tech companies tend to be more mature, potentially past the period of ultra-fast growth – and high investment returns. So while Amazon, Apple and Microsoft all listed more than a decade ago with valuations of under USD 1.5 billion, recent IPO stars have been valued at much, much higher levels – including music streaming service Spotify at USD26 billion, cloud-based data warehouse firm Snowflake at a USD33 billion, video-conferencing provider Zoom at USD9.2 billion and cloud monitoring specialist Datadog at USD7.8 billion at IPO (see Fig. 1).
Crucially, as companies stay private for longer, a growing share of their investment value is created prior to listing. Investors in private markets have much greater scope to nurture the businesses they invest in, increasing its chances of success. Research from the US Committee on Capital Markets Regulation has found that PE buyouts generally have a positive effect on both productivity and job growth in target firms.4
In leveraged buy-out (LBO) deals, the ability to own a majority stake in investee companies allows for less distraction from minority shareholders or equity analyst recommendations. In venture capital (VC) deals, meanwhile, founders will be looking for value added partners, i.e. investors that are more than just financial partners and that can bring a true expertise and often contacts. This is in stark contrast to the big listed names where even the largest of investors hold only a tiny fraction of the shares and thus have limited say on the board.
Indeed, it is through the private sector that investors can best access what we consider to be the five most promising segments within the technology industry. These are:
Across these areas, we believe that private markets offer a rich selection of investment opportunities, and the potential of very attractive risk-adjusted returns.
At Pictet, we already have a long track record of thematic investing, including in tech themes such as robotics, smart city, security and digital. We also have more than three decades of expertise to private markets, with access to top-tier private equity tech managers.
We target high conviction investments in five key segments to create a diversified portfolio of private tech companies.
We invest across a wide range of vintages (from early stage venture capital to buyouts) to reduce exposure to the economic cycle. Mixing direct and fund investments enables us to limit single name risk.
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